On January 4^th, 2017 will mark the 33rd year as a martial artist in tae kwon do. What a journey it has been for me. So many wonderful memories that I am overwhelmed to remember them all. All the friends I have made through tae kwon do has made me rich, rich in friendships. These wonderful folks I have met have become my tae kwon do family. I am so blessed to have my tae kwon do family there for me over the years. My tae kwon do family has encouraged, motivated and supported me over those 32 years. It could be from a smile, to a bow or talking about tae kwon do to discussions on life events. These are the things I value most with my students, instructors and family members.

Having practiced tae kwon do for these many years I have learned to give credit to where credit is due. I would not be here today if it were not for Grandmaster Jung. His teachings over the years has inspired myself and thousands others as a martial artist. I cannot thank Grandmaster Jung enough for bringing tae kwon do to Iowa. I would like to thank my instructors Master Heintz and Master Bair. Both are great teachers and wonderful folks. In fact their teachings over the years has shaped my life. I have learned to become more mindful in my art and in life. I have learned the value for the fundamentals and basics as the true building blocks of tae kwon do. I want to thank my mentors in the art of tae kwon do. These instructors have been role models to me over the years. I want to thank Master Clinton, Master Samuelson, Master Krumie, Master McBroom, Masters Maxwell’s, Master Ferguson, Master Deaton, Master Williams, Master Netsch and Master Siever. I marvel at their talents and learn from them in class. I want to thank all the black belts at Two Rivers Martial Arts. I have learned so much from them over the years and I enjoyed working with them. Finally, I want to thank all the tae kwon do students I have worked with over these years. They in turn have taught me so much. They taught me to learn how to be patient and a better instructor, mentor and role model.

I will take this opportunity to thank all of the Jung’s family black belts such, Martial Arts America and New Heritage black belts. It has been an honor to train and learn with these great folks. I would like to highlight Grandmaster, Wood, Grandmaster Wells, Master Doctor Hall and Master Sledge. Their understanding of the art has deepened and impacted my learning of tae kwon do.

Tae kwon do has helped me become a better person in life. The tenets of tae kwon do have become instrumental in shaping my tae kwon do practice and in my personal life. Tae kwon do has helped keep me grounded during trying times and ordeals in my life. So many times I have called upon tae kwon do spirit to guide me and get me through difficult times and moments. As Grandmaster Jung states Tae kwon is in your heart and mind. I TOTALLY AGREE with this. This is what makes tae kwon do so rich and precious in our lives.

I am fortunate to be testing in Cedar Rapids for a higher Dan rank. After my test I plan to continue promoting tae kwon do as a tremendous family activity. I will continue to train, teach, share my knowledge, and help with testing of students, running our school’s tae kwon do tournament, teaching seminars and helping with self- defense clinics. These are the activities I love and enjoy. Pilsung!

Sincerely

Master Steve Gonzalez

Click to view as PDF

So It Begins

When I first embarked upon my journey into martial arts, I was about 15 years old.  The father of one of my high school friends knew a Vietnamese  gentleman, Ahn Nguyen who taught Kung Fu to a small group of local teens.  The lessons were free and typically held during warmer weather in his backyard, but occasionally at a local church or rec center.  Until I met Ahn, everything that I knew about martial arts, which was very little, I had gleaned from movies and books about Ninjas and Kung Fu masters who would take on entire armies with their bare hands and feet.  Needless to say this was a somewhat skewed view of what I would soon come to learn was more than fighting, but a discipline that would shape me into what I am today and leave me always wanting more.

I studied with Ahn until I was 18, at which point he moved away to continue his academic pursuits and returned to college.  It was years before I realized how much my training had changed the course of my life.  As I got older I would find myself in situations where someone was in need of help, whether they were stranded on the side of the road or being hurt by someone physically, and I was driven to stop and assist them in whatever way I could.  Over time I realized this was greatly due to the code of discipline and honor I had been taught as part of my martial arts training.


My Tae Kwon Do Journey

Life seems to be full of coincidences, whether they be finding my way to Kung fu lessons or finding Mr. Netsch at the local farmers market and learning from him about Two Rivers Martial Arts.  I have discovered over the years that these so called coincidences are actually the result of what I call "following the path", which basically means, in everything you do try to make the best choice possible and you will be rewarded based on the quality of those choices.  I decided long ago that if we had children, at some point when it was appropriate, they would learn martial arts and hopefully find some of the same meaning in it that I have, and so Two Rivers is the perfect fit because we can all train as a family, which is the thing that truly brings all of this together for me.  So many families spend their time running from activity to activity, with one or both parents being relegated to the audience and never being able to take part in what their children are doing.  Tae Kwon Do has allowed us to spend time learning and growing together rather than apart, and though we do spend a lot of time pursuing our training, it still affords us valuable time as a family.  

The "Tenets of Tae Kwon Do" so nicely mesh with my own code of ethics and morals that Tae Kwon Do has given me a wonderful sense of belonging, and faith that I am not the only person outside of our family that believes in a strong moral code.  Seeing other families training and being able to help others learn and grow as I have, makes the journey much more rewarding than I could have even imagined and even while we are learning to fight and protect ourselves, as well as increasing our physical and mental fitness, we are perhaps more importantly, learning to help each other and work together towards a common goal outside of the competitive nature of society. I look forward to learning more, and having the opportunity to see those I have helped achieve even greater success in their own personal journey, which is what I believe Tae Kwon Do truly is, a journey and I find myself just as excited, if not more so, when someone I have helped succeeds in a goal, like their board break, as when I do. 


It Never Ends

Lucky is such an inadequate word to describe how I feel about being able to be involved with Two Rivers and all of the great people I have met along the way.  I owe a debt of gratitude to and have tremendous respect for everyone that has helped me reach this level, from Mr. Netsch who introduced us to the school, and Master Samuelson who presides over our branch and mentors each of us to Mr. Anderson and Ms. Kingsbury who are always willing to offer help and advice no matter what the challenge is. 

Two Rivers is like a home away from home for us, I feel great loyalty to and have considerable respect for Grandmaster Jung, Master Heinz and all of the Masters and Black Belts I have encountered during my training.  Our matriarch Master Clinton makes everyone feel welcome and is never at a loss for encouraging words or, when needed, stern direction.  In addition to Master Clinton Two Rivers is also flush with truly great and inspiring mentors and patriachal figures including Master Hammer, Master Ferguson, Master Gonzalez, Master Deaton, Mr. And Mrs. Master Maxwell, Master Williams, and Master Mcbroom.  In the interest of time and trees I will not attempt to list all of the wonderful black belts who have helped me through the years, suffice it to say they are numerous and like the Masters listed above have my eternal gratitude.

Training in the Martial Arts, in whatever form they take, is one of the best ways I have ever found to instill confidence, discipline and a moral code, and like any other endeavor worth the effort, it is a lot of work, but the rewards are immense.  If I can even come close to the level of knowledge and discipline I have encountered during my training I will have succeeded in my journey so far. 


I wish to offer my sincerest gratitude to everyone who helped me get here and I look forward to what the future will bring.

    The date was January 30th, 2010.  I sat outside this place called “The Hub” in my truck; smoking what I hoped would be 1 of my last cigarettes.  I got talked into coming over to the south side of Des Moines to check out a Tae Kwon Do class by Mr. Shaw, as I was literally looking for anything to assist in helping me quit “killing myself to live” (i.e., smoking cigarettes).  I’ll never forget that day. As I walked into the building everyone I met looked me in the eye and said hello.  Everyone was very cordial and welcoming, even though they didn’t know me from “Adam” so to speak.
    I would start my Tae Kwon Do journey the next weekend.  As I sat down on the floor with Master Hammer, I knew this was it. Master Hammer was very welcoming, and to this day I don’t think he knows how much of an effect he has had on my journey.  I’ve made sure to let him know in person that the 30 or so minutes he spent with me had a dramatic impact. I have tried Martial Arts before in life (Judo, Karate, Tae Kwon Do twice), but I knew it would be different this time.  I would be a SE Polk student training under Mr. Bond for the foreseeable future.
    The 1st month was very challenging as I tried to work my body out of a physical “slumber” and into shape to handle Tae Kwon Do workouts.  I had a few classes behind me when the 1st Bethany tournament hit my radar.  I really only knew a few basic moves, and my form Chon-Ji. As a white belt, I participated in the Board Break & Forms competition. Turns out I tied for 1st in Forms, and went to the Grand Championship round, where I won 1st again.  It was right then I knew the bar had been raised.
    Over the next few months, I started working out in the mornings trying to get my body into shape to keep raising the bar to my own standards / vision of what I could become as a Martial Artist. In September of 2010, I built my own Do-Jang in my house. It was around that time I became a Green Belt and would start going to 1 Friday night class a month. My 1st class I was “tagged” a couple of times when sparring with Black Belts, and knew I had to work on my sparring skills in addition to everything else.  I kept the attitude of just trying my hardest, and not get down on myself.  The main thing I did not do was judge myself in relation to everyone else. I kept telling myself this was my journey and to do the best I could.   
It has literally felt as if belts have been coming and going very quickly, so it has been important to me to just enjoy every workout, and try my hardest every time I’m in the Do-Jang.  I have had a broken rib, shoulder & back injuries, foot injuries, and even pulled some muscles in places where I didn’t think I could pull them.  The more I workout, the better I know my body and what I am capable of. I have done things I didn’t think I could do when I started, but my perseverance has been “fruitful” in trying to get things to happen.
I think as a 1st Gup Permanent Brown Belt staring down what may be the most mentally and physically challenging thing I’ve ever done, in a Temporary Black Belt Tae Kwon Do Test, the best thing about my journey so far is two-fold.  1 being my mental and physical health.  The other is the friends I have made along the way. I honestly feel I am a part of something special.
I want to succeed in this Test not only for my own goals, but for my instructors and other Black Belts who have spent countless hours guiding & training me. I want to succeed for those who have had patience with me while I battle injuries and life’s inherent struggles that have caused me to miss entire sessions, and for my family who has seen the best in me even when I don’t.
    The vision that I started out with in February 2010 is finally starting to come to fruition, but I remind myself daily that it is yet another step in my life’s journey…for that I will always be thankful for my instructors, friends, and family. The list starts with my primary instructors Mr. Bond and currently Master Williams who have taught me countless lessons in Tae Kwon Do and life itself.  Two Rivers senior student/instructor Master Clinton who may not know how much she has taught me, mostly by giving me confidence in our random talks; always with a smile and making me feel like I was the most important person in the world at that point in time.  Master Ferguson has been my “Saturday” instructor for the duration of my “Brown Belt” time spending hour after hour sitting in front of me after class calling out forms and 1-steps, or standing next to me while I work on movements in front of the mirror…all while smiling no matter how many times I mess up. The list of people who have impacted me seems to never end (Mr. Siever, Mr. Gookin, Master Deaton, Mr. Shaw, Master Hammar, etc), and for that I’m truly blessed. And most notably my family and friends, without their support I wouldn’t be the man I am today.

Peace, and Pil-Sung
Todd Dooley

Tae Kwon Do is a fascinating piece of my life.  To understand what Tae Kwon Do means to me, a person should learn a few things about me first.  I grew up on a small farm in the Midwest where I graduated from a small community High School.  It was a tight knit community where pretty much everyone knew everyone.  My dad worked as a supervisor for over 30 years in a Tool and Die factory that closed down just a few years before his retirement date.  My mom was a nurse that eventually quit her job at the hospital to be a "stay at home mother".  I helped raise livestock and crops with my family where I soon learned that getting your hands dirty was not a bad thing but a way to enrich your spirit and your soul.  After High School, I worked full time at a local factory where I saved up money to put towards my college tuition.  When in college, I was trying to decide on academic electives for my schedule when I saw "Tae Kwon Do".  I thought......"How cool would that be to learn Martial Arts".  I signed up and I remember going to the first class where I was so nervous but I soon learned that several other students were as well.  The teacher was a strong athletic type with a very authoritative mentality.  We would watch him warm up where he was performing his "forms" and other movements around the room.  We used to talk about how we would love to be in his shoes someday to wow others with skills like that.  It was an impressive sight.  I took classes for less than a year as it was tough to keep it in my schedule since it was only offered at one time a week and I often had schedule conflicts.  After I graduated and moved away, that was the end of my Tae Kwon Do experience at that stage in my life.

I later got married and started a family.  My son is very active in sports and other hobbies so we decided to enroll him in Tae Kwon Do.   I said I wanted to take classes with him.  One thing that my parents taught me was that you are never too old to learn as when my dad's factory shut down, he enrolled at the local community college to take classes.  I have always respected that from a man who was on the edge of retirement.  Even though my mom never went back to college, she too has taken informal instruction from others to expand her life.  So, at the age of 39, I took the step back into the Tae Kwon Do-Jang for the first time again.

I will never forget the first class we had as Mr. Netsch greeted us and just sat down to explain the concept of Tae Kwon Do as well as the history of Two Rivers Martial Arts.  I always thought this was a much of a better introduction into the beginning stage of Tae Kwon Do than the experience I first had when in college.  He was understanding and very easy to talk to when people had questions. Master Samuelson came on the next night and I still remember my first conversation with him.  As I stared at his belt with 5 strips on it, I posed questions to him.  He said "I was a white belt once, just like you folks, we've all been there".  Just that little comment seemed to make sense and put us to ease.   They both proved to be very understanding of a new student’s perspectives on something new, especially a person who isn’t 21 anymore.

So my main goal was initially to support my son but as he grew into several other sports and other activities (too many perhaps) I decided to keep my training up.  I loved the family aspect of Two Rivers Martial Arts and how it really motivates me to push harder to the next level.  If you were to ask me back in 2006, if I would be testing for my black belt someday, I would have told you "probably not, it takes a lot of dedication to get there and I might not have enough time to stick with it".  As I look back at how I just took each level as one more step with the other students I was training with, it made it so much easier to stay motivated.  We often formed a pact to stay focused and make it to the next test.  I soon learned that the Tae Kwon Do family can be such a powerful thing.  In Indianola, the Tae Kwon Do family sensation is alive and well but it doesn't stop there.

I soon learned that by training at other branches in the metro area, our extended Tae Kwon Do family is just as supportive to each of us who venture out of Indianola.  I get a strong sense of belonging at SE Polk, Hub, etc. when I train with others as we are all connected even though we don’t live in the same area.  This has to be one of the greatest strengths that Two Rivers Martial Arts has to offer.  I think students who need flexibility in their hectic lifestyle just like I do, would appreciate being able to train at any location that will fit their schedule or location.  I don't know of any other Martial Arts family that can offer classes 6 days a week within 25 minutes of each other.

I can definitely understand why we have the Tenets of Tae Kwon Do.  They all have a purpose in our lives and we must do our best at balancing each one to enrich ourselves which will also enrich others around us.

Courtesy is an easy one to see why it would belong not only in the Do Jang but everywhere in a person’s life.  I feel that I do have a courteous personality but I do know there are times and will be times in my future where things that I say or do are not the respectful style that we all should have 100% of the time.  To be polite and giving of encouragement to others no matter what their gender, age, belt rank or social status is not only common sense but something that we all should take seriously.  There isn’t a week that goes by, where I can see others in our Do Jang who needs encouragement from us as just like Master Samuelson told me on my first day “I was in your shoes once before….”

Integrity is something that is valuable to not just the immature but the older adult as well.  I remember one person defining Integrity as “doing the right thing even if no one is watching”.  That has always stuck in my mind and it reminds me to do just that for the sake of showing Integrity in my daily routine. Perseverance……….my favorite tenet of all.  I think of this word every time I get out of bed and I feel all of those sore muscles that I have had over the years.  I think of this every time I look to my right or left and see kids less than half my age.  I think of this word every time I am learning a new form that takes me weeks to remember all of the segments that go together to make the whole form complete.  There hasn’t been a form taught to me where I didn’t have to reflect back on perseverance to drive me into trying to memorize each form.   I think of this word every time I am faced with a new board break that scares me a lot and I’ll feel as though I won’t be able to make the break.  This upcoming test is no different as it has been very tough to convince myself of overcoming this next challenge.  Perseverance, it’s something that I’ve tried to make into my middle name as without it, I would have never made it past my first test.

Self Control, it’s definitely a value we all need to manage as without a sense of self control we can not only be a source of harm to others but also to ourselves.  I like the old saying of “stronger is the person who wins over oneself rather than someone else”.  I think this is also very true.

Indomitable Spirit.  This tenet is something that I need to continue to focus on to help me overcome those big challenges I face no only in the Do Jang setting but in other aspects of my life.  Being able to overcome fear or hesitation when faced with overwhelming odds is such an adrenaline rush as I know, I have felt it when learning a tough form or finally making that tough board break.  When I went to a Tae Kwon Do tournament out of town for the first time, I had to compete against a larger number of very talented students from other Martial Arts schools.  I remember thinking of being the “indomitable Spirit Student” who could overcome this challenge to not just blend in but hopefully put on a sharper show in the competition.  What a rush it was when I heard my name announced twice during the tournament when earlier I didn’t think I had much of a chance at a medal.  I know it’s not the medals that makes us a good student but its just one of those things that reminds me of how I felt I was faced with overwhelming odds when comparing myself to the several other students in my class and how I tried to focus and overcome my own fears.  It worked.  This when combined with my other tenet of perseverance, it’s truly the strongest focal points that have helped me the most. My final thoughts on what Tae Kwon Do means to me is how I often think about what makes up a TKD student.  It’s what I call “TKD Soup”.  When you are making a nice meal or in this case a nice bowl of soup, you have a recipe to make this soup.  Each recipe has in it directions for the ingredients which make up this fantastic soup.  If followed correctly, the soup will turn out fantastic but if you stray from the recipe, the soup could be compromised.  What I am getting at is how each one of us are a product of all of the hard work from our instructors and fellow classmates who transform us into the students that we have become and will even change further in time.  Perhaps I should call it “TKD Wine” as hopefully the ingredients / students get better with age and maturity but I like “TKD Soup” better for some reason.

The reason I think of this angle is that whenever we have an instructor call out for us to perform a certain TKD movement or form, the first thing that usually pops into my head is when I was taught the initial movements by a specific TKD instructor.  For example, when I hear “Palgwe 3”, I think of Mr. Netsch asking me “Jason, what does it start out like?”  I then can remember it is similar to “Chon Ji”.  When I get to the later portion of the form I think of “Mr. Daugherty” as he helped me refine that middle section.  Palgwe 6 reminds me of Ms. Kingsbury, the jump front snap kick comes from Mr. (Bruce) Crawford, knife hand strike board break to the side comes from Master Hammer, and forward ridge hand break is a product of Master Ferguson.   Ms. Williams and Ms. Evans teach me every week that even a woman can be a deadly opponent in the ring and that I need to hold my arms in a certain way to protect my middle area better.  I think of them every time I line up to begin sparring.  They have helped me refine this skill.

Of course Master Samuelson and Mr. Netsch have so many skills that they have taught me that I wouldn’t have enough room in this paper to discuss each of them.  I think patience and understanding is the easiest way to define them as that is just a small portion of what makes them such great instructors.  Mr. Baccam and Mr. Anderson have proved to be very helpful to me over the years and continue to teach me numerous skills.  Don MacDonald teaches me that patience but perseverance can’t always be seen in a specific belt rank.  Mr. Siever has shown me that you don’t have to be a large man to be strong and fierce in your training.  Master Clinton reminds me of how a leader can not only command such a large number of skilled TKD students but at the same time be very understanding to reflect one on one when I have a concern or when I am not sure how a TKD technique is performed in class.  She has been a big help over the past few years to me in and out of the TKD Do Jang.  She definitely reflects the tenets to help me each week.    Mr.Kinseth has helped me understand that you definitely don’t have to be the strongest guy in the battle but only the smartest thinking one to make the other person “do all of the sweating”.  “Old Man Style” is definitely something I want to learn more of as he makes the skills look effortless but most importantly fun with his humor.  Of course the most important people I have to thank are Angie and Trevor as without their patience and understanding each and every day, I would have never made it past the yellow belt test.  I can’t tell you how many times they have had to change their schedule to allow me to get to class and work out.  They have sacrificed just as much as I have to be where I am today.


So as you can see, each and every single little skill that I have learned in TKD makes me reflect back to the person who taught me that skill.  My bowl of TKD soup is full of ingredients from far too many people to list here but hopefully I have listed at least some of the main “ingredients” that have helped me get to the level of Brown belt that I stand at today.

​I had no desire whatsoever to train in martial arts. My children, however, thought otherwise.

In 1976 we lived in Iowa City, IA, and my husband practiced law in Cedar Rapids. He began training in Tae Kwon Do with GM Woo Jin Jung after work several nights a week. Our three children, after watching my husband demonstrate what he was learning, decided they wanted to train, too, and there was an adult education class taught by one of Mr. Jung’s black belts at a university gym. I thought it all silly – people punching and kicking and yelling in pajama-like outfits. Not my cup of tea.

Our children shamed me into trying it – just for the first eight week session. After all, they reasoned, I’d have to take them to class twice a week. I might as well be getting some exercise.

Yelling challenged me more than kicking and punching. I felt embarrassed. After the first few weeks, however, I realized that when I left Halsey gym after class I felt much better than when I arrived, both physically and mentally. I also soon realized that I was gradually gaining a sense of myself as a physically powerful woman. I loved that feeling. The more I practiced, the more skillful I became. The yelling, I discovered, offered me a release unavailable to me anywhere else in my life. I was hooked.

Two weeks after I received my black belt I started teaching Tae Kwon Do as a PE class at the alternative school where I worked. Faculty and students alike trained with me. In the two years I worked at that school I also did a practicum in high school counseling where I worked with students on solving their personal problems. I found students became more confident, more resilient, and more grounded doing the physical Tae Kwon Do training than they seemed to in counseling therapy. I came to realize that experiential learning can be more powerful than passive learning.

I continued to teach Tae Kwon Do and counsel young people until I retired from training twenty five years after I began. In that time my husband gave up the practice of law to become a full time Tae Kwon Do instructor. He later added Kum Do to his repertoire. I continued to work as a high school counselor, teaching and training in Tae Kwon Do and Kum Do evenings and weekends. I credit my martial arts training with my ability to meet the challenges of daily life with a strong sense of perseverance. If I, a woman who couldn’t “chew gum and walk at the same time” can become a sixth degree black belt, I can do anything.

             The real definition of Tae Kwon Do is “a modern Korean martial art similar to karate” according to the Oxford Dictionary of English. Its origin is Korean and means literally “art of hand and foot fighting,” in which tae is to kick, kwon is fist, and do is art or method. It is rumored that the first Tae Kwon Do techniques began in about 50 B.C. When Tae Kwon Do started Korea was divided into three distinct kingdoms. They were Silla, which was founded in about 57 B.C., Koguryo founded in 37 B.C., and Beak Je founded in about 18 B.C. It first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, but Silla's Hwarang warriors are responsible for spreading the art throughout Korea. The Hwarang made a military academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called the Hwarang Do, which the form Hwarang is named after. Hwarang Do means ''the way of flowering manhood.'' They used a form of martial arts that is very similar to Tae Kwon Do but it is called Taek Kyon. It was spread out in the Korean peninsula because of the Hwarang Do, because they traveled around to learn about other religions and people. Their education was based on the Five Codes of Human Conduct, written by a Buddhist scholar, and they are fundamental education, Taek Kyon, and social skills. They have been changed and are now: Loyalty to your country, respect your parents, faithfulness to your spouse, loyalty to your friends, respect your siblings, respect your elders, respect your teachers, never take life unjustly, indomitable spirit, loyalty to your school, and finish what you begin. In 1945 the very first Tae Kwon Do school was started in Seoul, Korea.

         Modern Tae Kwon Do combines combat and self-defense techniques with sport and exercise. The name was invented by Choi Hong Hi who claimed to be the founder and creator of Tae Kwon Do by the International Tae Kwon Do Federation.

                To me Tae Kwon Do means a way of defending yourself in bad situations and a way to have a lot of fun. There is a lot of discipline involved in it and it is a good way to get rid of bad energy by working it off in class and testing your memory with all of the forms, form meanings, one-steps, and movements.  My favorite part of Tae Kwon Do is the board breaking because it is not like when we do basic movements in class because you are allowed to hit something that has a higher density than your hand or foot and learn to not hurt yourself. It is a good way to discipline yourself to do something and a very good way to stay in shape and keep moving. I think Tae Kwon Do helps with hand-eye coordination and with your reflexes because when I started, I did not have the best of reflexes and now I have very good reflexes.

                I would like to thank Master Samuelson, Mr. Netsch, Mr. Anderson, Ms. Kingsbury, Master Clinton, Master Gonzalez, Master Hammer, Master Ferguson, Master Deaton, Master Williams, Master McBroom, Master Maxwell, the other Master Maxwell, and the rest of the black belts for helping me through and teaching me everything I know. I would also like to thank my parents for driving me to class and paying for the classes that I am in.

             Information cited from: Taekwondo history world marital arts academy, Wikipedia, and the Oxford Dictionary of English.

Thank you all very much